miércoles, diciembre 17, 2014

Michael S. Hart y el Proyecto Gutenberg

A propósito de la oferta de la Fundación de Software Libre, (elegir un regalo de un producto recomendado por la FSF), dando una recorrida sobre las sugerencias, se observa la oferta de libros electrónicos del Proyecto Gutenberg (junto a otros especialmente interesantes, como GIMP, Least Authority, o Trisquel GNU/Linux). Luego de revisar unos minutos el sitio del Proyecto Gutenberg, hay dos elementos que quisiera traer a primer plano: La noticia de la desaparición de su fundador, que desconocía, y la advertencia del Proyecto acerca de las negociaciones establecidas bajo el paraguas del TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership), para asegurar la protección de derechos de autor globalmente.
Respecto a la desaparición de su fundador, Michael S. Hart, sólo me entero un par de meses después. Quizá se deba a desatención, pero me resulta curioso no haber conocido antes la noticia ¿relegada a noticia de tercer orden? no podría asegurarlo, pero no hay duda de que su actividad de por sí iba en contra de quienes tienen en sus manos difundirlo.Sin duda le debemos -y le deberemos- mucho a Hart, en la medida en que su esfuerzo ayudó a preservar un espacio abierto de conocimiento, y a contraponer otro modo de valorar la escritura y su difusión. Dice The Economist sobre Hart:
Everyone should have access to the great works of the world, whether heavy (Shakespeare, “Moby-Dick”, pi to 1m places), or light (Peter Pan, Sherlock Holmes, the “Kama Sutra”). Everyone should have a free library of their own, the whole Library of Congress if they wanted, or some esoteric little subset; he liked Romanian poetry himself, and Herman Hesse's “Siddhartha”. The joy of e-books, which he invented, was that anyone could read those books anywhere, free, on any device, and every text could be replicated millions of times over. He dreamed that by 2021 he would have provided a million e-books each, a petabyte of information that could probably be held in one hand, to a billion people all over the globe—a quadrillion books, just given away. As powerful as the Bomb, but beneficial.
En un contexto en que la obra literaria o científica es cada vez más manejada como un producto que se debe comprar, llevado a extremos que van contra miles de años de transmisión del conocimiento, el Proyecto Gutenberg nos recuerda que la Ilíada y la Odisea se transmitieron por siglos verbalmente, y que si se hubieran seguido los criterios que hoy se pretenden pasar por "naturales", ambas probablemente se hubieran perdido.
Por lo tanto, quisiera enmendar el olvido cometido con Hart, transcribiendo su visión de la misión del Proyecto:
The mission of Project Gutenberg is simple:
To encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks.
This mission is, as much as possible, to encourage all those who are interested in making eBooks and helping to give them away.
In fact, Project Gutenberg approves about 99% of all requests from those who would like to make our eBooks and give them away, within their various local copyright limitations.
Project Gutenberg is powered by ideas, ideals, and by idealism.
Project Gutenberg is not powered by financial or political power.
Therefore Project Gutenberg is powered totally by volunteers.
Because we are totally powered by volunteers we are hesitant to be very bossy about what our volunteers should do, or how to do it.
We offer as many freedoms to our volunteers as possible, in choices of what books to do, what formats to do them in, or any other ideas they may have concerning "the creation and distribution of eBooks."
Project Gutenberg is not in the business of establishing standards. If we were, we would have gladly accepted the request to convert an exemplary portion of our eBooks into HTML when World Wide Web was a brand new idea in 1993; we are happy to bring eBooks to our readers in as many formats as our volunteers wish to make.
In addition, we do not provide standards of accuracy above those as recommended by institutions such as the U.S. Library of Congress at the level of 99.95%.
While most of our eBooks exceed these standards and are presented in the most common formats, this is not a requirement; people are still encouraged to send us eBooks in any format and at any accuracy level and we will ask for volunteers to convert them to other formats, and to incrementally correct errors as times goes on.
Many of our most popular eBooks started out with huge error levels--only later did they come to the more polished levels seen today. In fact, many of our eBooks were done totally without any supervision--by people who had never heard of Project Gutenberg--and only sent to us after the fact.
We want to continue to encourage everyone to send us eBooks, even if they have already created some without any knowledge of who we were, what we were doing, or how we were doing it.
Everyone is welcome to contribute to Project Gutenberg.
Thus, there are no dues, no membership requirements: and still only the most general guidelines to making eBooks for Project Gutenberg.
We want to provide as many eBooks in as many formats as possible for the entire world to read in as many languages as possible.
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Everyone is welcome here at Project Gutenberg.
Everyone is free to do their own eBooks their own way.
Simple, y fundamental.
En otra nota hablaremos de la iniciativa trans pacífica, que requiere tiempo.

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